History

China 1950-1981

• Communism in Tibet
• Communist social policies under Mao
• Cultural Revolution 1966-1976
• Dazhai Commune (Mao economic case study)
• Dazhai community as case study of Communist repression
• Democracy Wall 1978-79
• Early Communist purges in China 1950s
• Early land reform and collectivisation in China
• First Five Year Plan (China)
• Four Modernisations under Deng
• Gang of Four
• Great Leap Forward 1958-62
• Hundred Flowers campaign 1956-57
• Mao-era policies on women, youth, education
• Mao's personality cult / Communist propaganda
• One Child policy
• Red Guards

Germany 1925-1955

• Allied bombing of Germany
• Allied de-Nazification policy
• Crisis of 1929-1933 in Germany
• Defeat and Allied occupation of Germany
• East and West Germany 1945-1955
• Elimination of opposition 1933-34 (Night of the Long Knives context)
• Enabling Act 1933
• German conquests and colonisation in the East
• German opposition during WW2
• Impact of the Depression on Germany
• March 1933 elections (Germany)
• Nazi culture and propaganda
• Nazi economic policies and German society
• Nazi eugenics policies
• Nazi Party in the 1920s
• Nazi social policies on women and youth
• Nazi takeover of key institutions
• Nazi terror state
• Outbreak of WW2 in Germany 1939
• Persecution of Jews and other groups in Nazi Germany
• Personal popularity of Hitler / Volksgemeinschaft
• Reichstag Fire 1933
• Rising support for Nazis 1929-1933
• The Holocaust
• Weimar Republic 1925-1928

International Relations 1918-1975

• 1920s disarmament attempts
• Berlin Blockade and Airlift 1948-49
• Building of the Berlin Wall 1961
• Changing interpretations of Appeasement
• Changing interpretations of Cold War responsibility
• Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
• Dawes Plan 1924
• Division of Germany 1945-49
• End of Vietnam War 1975
• Failure of the League of Nations 1930s
• Formation of NATO 1949
• Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928
• League of Nations in the 1920s
• Locarno Treaties 1925
• Marshall Plan 1948
• Origins of US involvement in Vietnam 1954-65
• Outbreak of war 1939
• Policy of Appeasement
• Potsdam Conference 1945
• Truman Doctrine 1947
• US opposition to Vietnam War
• USSR actions in Eastern Europe 1945-1948
• Versailles Peace Settlement 1919
• Vietnam War: US tactics
• Vietnam War: Vietcong tactics
• Warsaw Pact 1955
• Worldwide economic depression and international relations
• Yalta Conference 1945
• Young Plan 1929

South Africa 1960-1994

• African National Congress (ANC) early resistance
• ANC in exile
• Apartheid Separate Development and Bantustans
• Battle of Cuito Cuanavale 1988
• Black Consciousness Movement / SASO
• Durban workers strike 1973
• First free elections in South Africa 1994
• Freedom Charter
• Inkatha and 'civil war'
• International Anti-Apartheid Movement
• International sanctions against South Africa
• Opposition to 1983 South African constitution
• Rivonia Trial 1964
• Role of FW de Klerk, Ramaphosa, Mandela
• Sharpeville Massacre 1960
• Soweto students uprising 1976
• State of Emergency 1985-1990 (South Africa)
• Umkhonto we Sizwe and Poqo
• Unbanning of ANC, PAC, SACP
• United Democratic Front

The USA 1919-1948

• 1920s US immigration restrictions
• 1932 Presidential election (Roosevelt)
• Agricultural Adjustment Agency (AAA)
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
• Desegregation of US troops 1948
• Detroit Race Riots 1943
• Executive Order 8802
• Federal Emergency Administration (FERA)
• First New Deal Hundred Days
• Great Depression in USA
• Japanese internment in USA
• Jim Crow Laws 1920s
• Ku Klux Klan
• NAACP and UNIA
• National Recovery Administration (NRA)
• Prohibition
• Red Scare and Palmer Raids
• Resettlement Administration / Farm Security Administration
• Sacco and Vanzetti case
• Sheppard-Towner Act 1921
• Social Security Act 1935
• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
• The Roaring Twenties US economy
• US mobilisation for WW2
• Wagner Act 1935
• Works Progress Administration (WPA)

The USA 1945-1974

• African Americans in 1940s/50s USA - Jim Crow
• Anti-Vietnam War protests in USA
• Betty Friedan and NOW
• Brown v Board of Education 1954
• Civil Rights Act 1964
• Equal Pay Act (US) and Status Commission 1963
• Johnson's Great Society
• Malcolm X and Black Power
• Martin Luther King and civil rights leadership
• McCarthyism
• Montgomery Bus Boycott 1956
• Native American and Chicano civil rights
• Nixon welfare pledges
• Post-war Red Scare USA
• Rosenberg case
• SNCC, SCLC, NAACP roles
• Stonewall riots 1969

Britain in Peace and War, 1900–1918

• Britain's power and wealth at the start of 20th century
• British Empire attitudes and Boer War
• Class distinctions: upper, middle and working classes
• Government responses to suffrage campaigns 1910–1914
• India: differing British attitudes towards the Raj 1900–1914
• Ireland: Home Rule crisis 1912–1914
• Liberal reforms, People's Budget and Parliament Act 1911
• Men's responses to war: pals' battalions and conscientious objection
• Militant labour and crisis years 1910–1914
• Recruitment, conscription and DORA
• Rise of the Labour Party and established parties
• Rowntree's investigation into poverty
• Suffragists, suffragettes and the campaigns for the vote
• Women's lives at the beginning of the 20th century
• Women's responses to war: employment and suffrage

The Elizabethans, 1580–1603

• Catholic plots and Elizabethan spy network
• Contrasting lives of rich, middling and poor Elizabethans
• Elizabeth and her court: patronage, Privy Council, Essex rebellion
• Elizabeth and her parliaments; Puritan opposition
• Elizabeth and her people: local government and propaganda
• Elizabethan family life and kinship
• Elizabethan poverty: causes and responses
• Enforcement of Elizabeth's religious settlement after 1580
• Imperial ambition and Elizabethan adventurers
• Mary Queen of Scots, the Armada and war with Spain
• Persecution of witches
• Puritan attack on popular pastimes
• Roanoke: England's American colony attempt
• Theatres and their opponents
• Trade with the east, including first contacts with India

The Norman Conquest, 1065–1087

• Anglo-Saxon culture: buildings, art and literature
• Battles of Fulford, Stamford Bridge and Hastings
• Distribution and design of Norman castles to 1087
• Domesday Book
• First uprisings against Norman rule (west and Mercia)
• Harrying of the North
• Late Anglo-Saxon society: nature, structure and diversity
• Norman changes and continuities: language, laws and Church
• Norman society, culture and warfare pre-1066
• Pre-conquest fortifications and first Norman castles
• Purpose of Norman castles: military and economic
• Rebellion of Hereward and end of English resistance
• Religion in late Anglo-Saxon England
• Social structure of Norman England
• Succession crisis of 1066

Crime and Punishment, c.1250 to present

• Abolition of capital punishment and changes in prisons
• Changes in the crime rate and types of crime
• Changing nature of crime: vagrancy, moral crime and witchcraft
• Characteristic features of medieval Britain (overview, crime)
• Crimes and criminals in industrial Britain
• Crimes and criminals in medieval Britain
• Enlightenment, urbanisation and political change (industrial overview)
• Growth of prisons, transportation to Australia and prison reform
• Introduction and development of the police force
• Introduction of the Bloody Code
• Major religious, political and social changes (early modern overview)
• Major technological, social and political changes (modern overview)
• Medieval enforcement of law and order
• Medieval punishments
• Modern law enforcement and new technology
• Secular and church courts and law enforcers

Migrants to Britain, c.1250 to present

• 'Aliens' and refugees in the World Wars; Kindertransport
• Characteristic features of medieval Britain (overview, migration)
• Commonwealth migrants and immigration legislation
• Early African and Indian migrants
• Early modern Jews and Romany Gypsies
• Economic migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers since the 1980s
• European Reformation and growth in world trade (overview)
• Huguenots and Palatines
• Industrialisation and growth of empire (overview)
• Italians and Eastern European Jews
• Jewish communities and their expulsion from England in 1290
• Large-scale Irish migration and Irish communities
• Lascars and Indian, Chinese and African communities
• Medieval attitudes towards migrants
• Medieval Dutch, Flemish and other European migrants
• World wars, end of empire and Britain's changing world relationship (overview)

The People's Health, c.1250 to present

• Changing living conditions in early modern Britain
• Characteristic features of medieval Britain (overview, public health)
• Cultural, social and economic change including growth of towns (early modern overview)
• Government response to the gin craze, 1660–1751
• Industrialisation, growth of major cities and political change (overview)
• Medieval living conditions: housing, food, clean water and waste
• Modern government involvement in public health
• Modern living conditions and lifestyles
• Public Health Acts and nineteenth century reform
• Public health in late-medieval towns and monasteries
• Responses to cholera epidemics
• Responses to outbreaks of plague (national plague orders)
• Responses to Spanish Influenza and AIDS
• Responses to the Black Death
• Twentieth-century economic, political, social and cultural change (overview)
• Urban living conditions in the early nineteenth century

Migration to Britain c.1000-c.2010

• Africans in 16th century England
• Aliens Act 1905
• British Nationality Act 1948
• British Nationality Act 1981
• Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962
• Commonwealth migration after WW2 (Windrush)
• East India Company and Asian arrivals (Lascars/ayahs)
• Eastern European Jewish immigrants 19th century
• Huguenot and Palatine refugees
• Immigration debate c.1990-c.2010
• Industrial Revolution - Irish and Scottish migrants to England
• Jewish refugees in 1930s Britain
• Jews in medieval England 1066-1290
• Medieval immigrants and 'aliens' in England
• Migrants and the Abolition movement / Chartists
• Naturalisation Act 1870
• Norman Conquest impact on migration
• Polish post-WW2 settlement in Britain
• Readmission of Jews 1656
• Royal African Company and African communities in Britain
• Status of Aliens Act 1914

Power: Monarchy and Democracy c.1000-2014

• Anglo-Saxon kingship c.1000-1066
• Bill of Rights 1689
• Charles I Personal Rule 1629-1640
• CND and Greenpeace
• Coalition government challenges
• Deposition of Richard II 1399
• Devolution to UK regions
• Emergence of Parliament under Henry III / Edward I
• English Civil Wars and abolition of monarchy
• Glorious Revolution 1688
• Government control in the World Wars
• Great Reform Act 1832
• Increased role of state 1945-c.1980
• Magna Carta 1215
• Mass Trade Unions and Labour Party 1880s-1914
• Miners' Strike 1984-1985
• Norman Conquest 1066 and transfer of power
• Parliamentary monarchy 1700s
• Prime Ministerial power under Thatcher and Blair
• Reform Act 1867
• Reform Act 1884
• Restoration of monarchy 1660
• Suffragettes and votes for women 1918
• Tudor government under Henry VIII and Elizabeth I
• Wars of the Roses

War and British Society c.790-c.2010

• Anglo-Scottish border warfare c.1500-c.1600
• Boer Wars 1880-1881 and 1899-1902
• Civil Wars 1642-1651 (England, Scotland, Ireland)
• Cold War and Britain 1950s-1960s
• Crimean War
• Elizabeth I's wars with Spain (incl. Spanish Armada)
• Feudal society c.1100-1215 (Stephen, John)
• First and Second World Wars and 'total war'
• IRA campaigns 1969-1994
• Iraq War 2003
• Jacobite Wars 1715 and 1745
• Norman Conquest and resistance
• Post-2003 terrorism and counter-measures
• Seven Years War 1756-1763
• Viking raids on Anglo-Saxon England 790-1066
• War in medieval society c.1290-c.1450
• Wars against Revolutionary/Napoleonic France

History Around Us (centre-chosen site)

• Challenges and benefits of studying the historic environment
• Diversity of activities and people at the site
• How physical remains inform artistic reconstructions and interpretations
• How physical remains prompt valid historical enquiries
• How the site has been used throughout its history
• How the site has changed over time
• Local or national importance of the whole site
• Reasons for changes to the site and its use
• Reasons for the location of the chosen site
• Significance of specific physical features at the site
• Significant times in the site's past: peaks and turning points
• Typicality of the site (comparison with similar sites)
• What the site reveals about everyday life, attitudes and values
• When and why people first created the chosen site

Castles: Form and Function c.1000-1750

• Kenilworth Castle - administration and justice
• Kenilworth Castle - appearance and layout
• Kenilworth Castle - baronial rebellions, border warfare, civil war sieges
• Kenilworth Castle - baronial/royal power
• Kenilworth Castle - de Montfort, John of Gaunt, Dudleys
• Kenilworth Castle - dwelling place
• Kenilworth Castle - location
• Kenilworth Castle - Norman conquest function
• Kenilworth Castle - workers and household

English Reformation c.1520-c.1550

• Bible in English / prayer books
• Henry VIII's annulment from Catherine of Aragon
• Lincolnshire Rising 1536
• Lollards and Luther's ideas
• Pilgrimage of Grace 1536-1537
• Prayer Book Rebellion 1549
• Pre-Reformation English Church c.1520
• Reformation Parliament 1529-1534
• Religious policy under Henry VIII and Edward VI
• Suppression Acts 1536 and 1539
• Thomas Cromwell and Valor Ecclesiasticus
• Visitation of the Monasteries

Impact of Empire on Britain 1688-c.1730

• Act of Union 1707
• Bank of England 1694
• Coffee houses and political activism
• Darien Scheme
• East India Company - Kolkata
• Forced emigration to the Americas
• Glorious Revolution and Hanoverian succession (Empire)
• Jacobite Rebellion 1715
• Massacre of Glencoe 1692
• Opposition to slavery and slave resistance
• Racial hierarchy ideas in 18th-century Britain
• Royal African Company monopoly lifted 1698
• Slave ports - Bristol, Liverpool, London
• Slave-based economy origins
• South Sea Bubble 1719
• Treaty of Utrecht 1713
• Williamite Wars in Ireland 1688-1691

Personal Rule to Restoration 1629-1660

• Attacks on Laud and Strafford
• Attempt on the Five Members 1642
• Cromwell and Rump Parliament 1649-1653
• Execution of Charles I 1649
• Grand Remonstrance 1641
• Humble Petition and Advice 1657
• Instrument of Government 1653
• Irish Rebellion 1641
• Levellers, Quakers and Diggers
• Long Parliament 1640 and Charles I's Personal Rule criticism
• Militia Ordinance 1642
• Nineteen Propositions 1642
• Presbyterian and Independent parties
• Propositions of Newcastle 1646
• Restoration of Charles II 1660
• Rule of the Major Generals
• Rump Parliament and Republic 1649

Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration

• Experiences of immigrants (urban site)
• Impact of migration on the area
• Key events in local migration history
• Reception by settled populations (urban site)
• Urban environment site - Butetown, Cardiff 2018
• Urban environment site - South Shields 2019
• Urban environment site - Spitalfields, London
• When immigrant groups arrived (urban site)

The Making of America, 1789–1900

• African American experience of the Civil War 1861–1865
• Californian Gold Rush 1848–1849 and Pikes Peak Gold Rush 1858–1859
• Divisions over slavery and causes of the Civil War
• Economic, social and political change for African Americans late 19th century
• Expansion of southern cotton plantations and slavery 1793–1838
• Growth of big business, cities and mass migration
• Homesteaders: living and farming on the Plains
• Indian Wars: Little Crow's War, Red Cloud's War, Great Sioux War
• Migrants to California, Oregon and the Mormon settlement of Utah
• Native Americans of the Plains: Lakota Sioux case study
• Reconstruction and limitations to African American liberty
• Removal of indigenous people from the east 1830–1838
• Reservations and destruction of the buffalo
• USA expansion 1789–1838
• White American exploitation of the Plains: railroads, ranches, cow towns

The Mughal Empire, 1526–1707

• Akbar and the extension of the Mughal Empire 1556–1605
• Akbar's court and imperial administration
• Akbar's search for knowledge and religious policies
• Aurangzeb and the impact of his religious piety
• Aurangzeb's campaigns against the Marathas in the Deccan from 1681
• Babur and the invasion of northern India 1526–1530
• Condition of the Mughal Empire at Aurangzeb's death 1707
• Humayun and the Mughal Empire by 1556
• Jahangir and Nur Jahan
• Jahangir's patronage of painting and the Mughal miniature
• Mughal economy and European traders
• Northern India and its people c.1530
• Shah Jahan and the luxury of his court
• Shah Jahan's wars and the war of succession between Dara and Aurangzeb
• Taj Mahal and the new capital in Delhi

Viking Expansion, c.750–c.1050

• Cnut's Anglo-Scandinavian Empire 1016–1035
• Great Heathen Army and the establishment of Danelaw 865–879
• Harald Bluetooth, Jelling and the conversion to Christianity
• Rus Vikings: trade and settlement in Russia from c.750
• Svein Forkbeard and his invasions of England
• Viking beliefs and rituals
• Viking life in Jorvik
• Viking raids in Britain, Ireland, Scottish Islands and France 793–850
• Viking relations with Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire
• Viking settlement across the Atlantic: Iceland, Greenland, North America
• Viking settlement in the British Isles and France
• Viking ships, seafaring and trade c.750
• Viking trade and interaction with the Arab world
• Viking warfare: warships, warriors and tactics
• Vikings in Scandinavia: landscape, society and everyday life

Aztecs and the Spanish Conquest, 1519–1535

• Aztec dissatisfaction and Spanish alliances
• Aztec land, tribute and role of elites
• Aztec religion: beliefs, temples and sacrifice
• Aztec territorial expansion and warfare
• Aztec wealth: agriculture, crafts and trade
• Capture and death of Moctezuma; Spanish flight (1 July 1520)
• Cortés expedition to Mexico, Feb–Apr 1519
• Encomienda and reorganisation of the tribute system
• Extent and nature of Moctezuma's Aztec Empire in 1519
• Role and conduct of the Church in New Spain
• Siege of Tenochtitlan and Spanish victory
• Spanish expansion into the Caribbean and central America
• Spanish in Tenochtitlan: Cortés and Moctezuma
• Splendour of Tenochtitlan
• Transformation of landscape and people: grazing animals, ecological devastation, mestizos

Living under Nazi Rule, 1933–1945

• Achieving total power July 1933 to August 1934
• Contrasting nature of Nazi rule in eastern and western Europe
• Establishing the dictatorship Jan–July 1933
• Growing opposition from German people and elements within the army
• Hitler and the Nazi Party in January 1933
• Impact of total war on German people 1943–1945
• Machinery of terror: SS, law courts, concentration camps, Gestapo
• Move to a war economy and impact on German people 1939–1942
• Nazi policies on men and women: work and home
• Nazi racial policy: growing persecution of Jews
• Opposition to Nazi rule: Left, church leaders and youth groups
• Range and effectiveness of Nazi propaganda
• Responses to Nazi rule: collaboration, accommodation and resistance
• The Holocaust: Einsatzgruppen, ghettos and death camps
• Young people in Nazi Germany: education and youth movements

The First Crusade, c.1070–1100

• Alexios I and negotiations with crusade leaders
• Capture of Antioch: rivalries, strategies and atrocities
• Capture of Jerusalem and the sack of the city
• Crusader journey across Asia Minor: physical challenges and disunity
• Defeat of Kerbogha (June 1098)
• Disputes, delays and the journey to Jerusalem
• Joining the First Crusade: who went and why
• Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Muslim response
• Latin Christendom and the power of the papacy
• Pressures on the Byzantine Empire
• Siege of Antioch by the crusaders
• Siege of Nicaea and Battle of Dorylaeum
• The Islamic world c.1070: diversity and relations with Christians
• The People's Crusade
• Urban II and the preaching of the First Crusade