History

America, 1840–1895: Expansion and consolidation

• Aftermath of the American Civil War
• Background to the American Civil War
• Battle of the Little Big Horn
• Battle of Wounded Knee
• Closing of the frontier and impact on native Americans
• Dawes Act
• Early settlers going west
• Fort Laramie Treaty (1851)
• Geography of North America and Manifest Destiny
• Homesteaders and continued settlement of the west
• Indian Wars 1862–1867
• Mountain Meadow Massacre
• Plains Indians and early US Indian policy
• Small reservations policy and the Indian problem
• Social and economic impact of the American Civil War

America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and inequality

• 1920s social and cultural developments
• American society during the Depression
• Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968
• Civil Rights movement and Martin Luther King
• Feminist movements 1960s–early 1970s
• Great Society of Kennedy and Johnson
• Ku Klux Klan
• Malcolm X and Black Power Movement
• McCarthyism
• Post-war American society and economy
• Prohibition and organised crime
• Racial tension and immigration in 1920s
• Red Scare and Sacco and Vanzetti case
• Second World War impact on America
• The 'Boom' of the 1920s
• The New Deal

Britain: Health and the people: c1000 to the present day

• 19th-century public health reform
• Beveridge Report and Welfare State
• Christianity, hospitals and Islamic medicine
• Creation and development of the National Health Service
• Dealing with disease in early modern Britain
• Edward Jenner and vaccination
• Germ Theory and Pasteur, Koch, Ehrlich
• Impact of war and technology on modern surgery
• Liberal social reforms and modern public health
• Medieval medicine
• Modern treatment of disease
• Public health in the Middle Ages
• Renaissance impact on Britain in medicine
• Revolution in surgery
• The Black Death in Britain

Britain: Migration, empires and the people: c790 to the present day

• 19th-century migration to and from Britain
• Angevin Empire
• Asian and African migration to Britain
• Boer War 1899–1902
• Britain's relationship with Europe and EU
• British colonisation of North America
• British expansion in India
• End of Empire
• Falklands War
• Highland clearances
• Huguenot migration to Britain
• Hundred Years' War
• Indian Rebellion 1857
• King Cnut and the North Sea Empire
• Scramble for Africa
• Slave trade and Sugar in the Caribbean
• The Commonwealth
• Ulster plantations
• Viking and Anglo-Saxon invasions
• Windrush and Caribbean migrants

Britain: Power and the people: c1170 to the present day

• American Revolution
• Anti-Corn Law League
• Anti-Slavery movement
• Chartism
• Development of multi-racial society and minority rights
• Development of trade unionism
• English Revolution and Civil War
• Factory and social reformers
• General Strike 1926
• Great Reform Act 1832
• Magna Carta
• Origins of Parliament and Simon de Montfort
• Peasants' Revolt 1381
• Pilgrimage of Grace
• Trade union reform in late 20th century
• Women's suffrage campaign

Germany, 1890–1945: Democracy and dictatorship

• Establishment of Hitler's dictatorship
• Failure of Weimar democracy and Hitler's appointment
• Impact of the Depression and Nazi rise
• Impact of the First World War on Germany
• Kaiser Wilhelm and ruling Germany
• Nazi control, propaganda and police state
• Nazi economic changes and impact of war
• Nazi social policy and racial policy
• Opposition and resistance to the Nazis
• Stresemann era recovery 1924–1929
• Weimar culture
• Weimar political unrest 1919–1923

Russia, 1894–1945: Tsardom and communism

• 1905 Revolution and October Manifesto
• Collectivisation
• Dumas, Stolypin and reform up to 1914
• First World War impact on Russia
• Five Year Plans
• Great Patriotic War and Stalin's wartime leadership
• Kronstadt Rising
• Lenin's dictatorship and Russian Civil War
• New Economic Policy (NEP)
• Nicholas II's autocracy
• October/November Revolution
• Provisional Government
• Russia's economy and society pre-1914
• Stalin's rise and dictatorship
• Stalin's Terror and Purges
• War Communism

Conflict and tension between East and West, 1945–1972

• Arms race
• Bay of Pigs invasion
• Berlin Blockade and Airlift
• Berlin Wall
• Brezhnev Doctrine
• Chinese Communist Revolution and Mao
• Cold War conflict in Korea and Vietnam
• Cominform and Comecon
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Détente and SALT 1
• Dropping of the atom bomb and superpower relations
• Hungarian Uprising 1956
• Iron Curtain and Soviet expansion
• Marshall Plan
• NATO and Warsaw Pact
• Prague Spring and Czechoslovakia 1968
• Space race
• Truman Doctrine
• U2 Crisis and Paris Peace Summit
• Yalta and Potsdam Conferences

Conflict and tension in Asia, 1950–1975

• Causes of the Korean War
• Civil war in South Vietnam
• Development of the Korean War
• Dien Bien Phu and end of French rule
• Domino Theory and US intervention
• End of the Korean War
• Fall of Saigon
• Gulf of Tonkin and Johnson's War
• Kent State University and anti-war media
• Mass bombing campaign in Vietnam
• My Lai Massacre
• Nixon's War and Vietnamisation
• Paris Peace talks and Kissinger
• Search and Destroy tactics
• Tet Offensive
• The Vietcong

Conflict and tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009

• 11 September attacks
• Al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden
• Bush's war on terror and 2001 invasion
• Gulf War 1990
• Invasion of Iraq 2003
• Iran-Iraq War and regional instability
• Iraqi Insurgency and post-war Iraq
• Israeli-Palestinian conflict and global terrorism
• Saddam Hussein's regime
• Taliban regime in Afghanistan

Conflict and tension: the First World War, 1894–1918

• Allied Hundred Days advance
• Anglo-German rivalry
• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• Balkans Crisis 1908–1909
• Battle of Jutland
• Battle of Passchendaele
• Battle of the Marne
• Battle of the Somme
• Battle of Verdun
• Bolshevik Revolution and Russia's withdrawal
• Gallipoli campaign
• German surrender and armistice
• Ludendorff's German Spring Offensive 1918
• Morocco Crises 1905 and 1911
• Schlieffen Plan and invasion of Belgium
• The Alliance System
• Trench warfare and Western Front tactics
• U-Boat campaign and convoys
• USA enters the First World War

Conflict and tension: the inter-war years, 1918–1939

• Abyssinian Crisis
• Anglo-German Naval Agreement
• Anschluss
• Armistice and Wilson's Fourteen Points
• Dollfuss Affair
• Failure of the League to avert war 1939
• German rearmament and conscription
• Impact of the treaty and wider settlement
• Invasion of Poland and outbreak of war
• Kellogg-Briand Pact
• League of Nations
• Locarno Treaties
• Manchurian Crisis
• Mussolini, the Axis and Anti-Comintern Pact
• Nazi-Soviet Pact
• Occupation of Czechoslovakia 1939
• Policy of appeasement
• Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
• Stresa Front
• Sudeten Crisis and Munich Agreement
• The Saar
• Treaty of Versailles

Elizabethan England, c1568–1603

• Difficulties of a female ruler and the succession
• Elizabeth I's court and patronage
• Elizabethan Golden Age
• English sailors – Hawkins, Drake and Raleigh
• Essex's rebellion 1601
• Historic environment of Elizabethan England (specified site)
• Mary Queen of Scots
• Religious settlement and Catholic threat
• Spanish Armada
• The Elizabethan poor

Medieval England: the reign of Edward I, 1272–1307

• Edward's Welsh Wars 1277 and 1282–1283
• Expulsion of the Jews 1290
• Great Cause and Scottish succession
• Henry III's legacy and Edward I's accession
• Historic environment of Medieval England (specified site)
• Hundred Rolls and Quo Warranto Inquiries
• Medieval education and learning
• Medieval legal system under Edward I
• Medieval warfare, tactics and technology
• Model Parliament 1295
• Scottish campaigns and William Wallace
• Statutes of Mortmain
• Statutes of Westminster
• Trade, towns and villages under Edward I

Norman England, c1066–c1100

• Anglo-Saxon and Norman economic and social life
• Battle of Hastings
• Battle of Stamford Bridge
• Causes of the Norman Conquest
• Domesday Book
• Feudalism and Norman government
• Harrying of the North
• Historic environment of Norman England (specified site)
• Norman Church reform
• Norman monasticism
• Norman revolts 1067–1075

Restoration England, 1660–1685

• Charles II's court
• East India Company and overseas territories
• Exclusion Bill 1679
• Fire of London 1666
• Great Plague of 1665
• Historic environment of Restoration England (specified site)
• Mercantilism and Navigation Acts
• Popish Plot and Titus Oates
• Restoration culture and Royal Society
• Restoration of the monarchy and Cabal
• Rye House Plot
• Second and Third Dutch Wars