Biology

Biomechanics of forces

• Biomechanics: forces in the skeleton

Human skeleton

• The human skeleton

Joints and movement

• How joints allow movement

Muscles and antagonistic pairs

• Muscles and antagonistic muscle pairs

Animal cell structure

• Animal cell structure and functions

Diffusion across membranes

• Diffusion through the cell membrane

Diffusion: particle picture

• Diffusion as moving particles

Life processes

• Common processes of all living organisms

Plant cell structure

• Plant cell structure and functions

Preparing a microscope slide

• Preparing and observing a microscope slide

Selectively permeable membranes

• Diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane

Specialised cells

• Specialised cells and their adaptations

Unicellular vs multicellular

• Multicellular and unicellular organisms

Using a microscope

• Observing cells with a light microscope

Classification keys

• Using a classification key

Kingdoms

• Classification at the cellular level (kingdoms)

Species and classification

• Classifying living things into species

Climate change and biodiversity

• Impacts of climate change on biodiversity

Habitat loss

• Agriculture and habitat loss

Absorption of nutrients

• Absorption and transport of nutrients

Bacteria in digestion

• Bacteria in the human digestive system

Digestion and enzymes

• Digestion and enzymes

Food tests

• Food tests for nutrients

Parts of the digestive system

• The human digestive system

Adaptations for survival

• Adaptations of predators and prey

Animal adaptations

• Animal adaptations to environment

Bioaccumulation

• Bioaccumulation in food chains

Conserving biodiversity

• Conserving biodiversity

Food chains

• Food chains

Food webs

• Food webs

Habitats

• Ecosystems and habitats

Interdependence

• Interdependence within ecosystems

Plant adaptations

• Plant adaptations to environment

Pollination and food security

• Pollination and human food security

Predators and prey

• Predator–prey relationships

Pyramids of biomass

• Pyramids of biomass

Pyramids of number

• Pyramids of number

Sampling with quadrats

• Ecological sampling using a quadrat

Adaptations to environment

• Adaptations of organisms to their environment

Competition

• Competition between organisms

Evolution

• Evolution of species

Fossil evidence

• Fossils show species change over time

Geological time

• Understanding geological time scales

Heritable variation

• Heritable variation and selection

Natural selection

• Natural selection

Adaptations of the lungs

• Adaptations of the lungs for gas exchange

Breathing and gas exchange

• Breathing, respiration and gas exchange

Human gas exchange system

• The human gas exchange system

Measuring lung volume

• Estimating lung volume

Asthma

• Asthma and the lungs

Depressants

• Recreational drugs: depressants

Infectious vs non-infectious

• Differences between infectious and non-infectious disease

Lifestyle diseases

• Lifestyle and ill health

Smoking

• Smoking and the gas exchange system

Stimulants

• Recreational drugs: stimulants

Discovery of DNA

• The discovery of DNA's structure

DNA structure

• A model of the structure of DNA

DNA, chromosomes, genes

• DNA, chromosomes, genes and the genome

Heredity introduction

• Heredity: passing on traits

Balanced diet

• A balanced diet

Deficiency diseases

• Starvation and deficiency diseases

Effects of exercise

• The effects of exercise on the body

Energy in food: practical

• Measuring energy in food

Food as fuel

• Food as a source of building materials and energy

Obesity

• Obesity and dietary imbalance

Adaptations of leaves: gas exchange

• Adaptations of leaves: stomata and gas exchange

Adaptations of leaves: light

• Adaptations of leaves for absorbing light

Photosynthesis equation

• Photosynthesis: reactants, products, word equation

Plant nutrition

• Plant nutrition: making their own food

Gametes and fertilisation

• Gametes and fertilisation

Gestation and birth

• Gestation and birth

Maternal lifestyle and the foetus

• A healthy pregnancy

Menstrual cycle

• The human menstrual cycle

Puberty

• Puberty and sexual maturity

Reproduction and inheritance

• Sexual reproduction and inheritance

Reproductive organs

• Human reproductive organs

Flower structure

• Flower structure

Fruit and seeds

• Fruit and seed formation

Pollination and fertilisation

• Pollination and fertilisation in plants

Seed dispersal

• Seed dispersal methods

Aerobic respiration

• Aerobic cellular respiration

Anaerobic respiration in humans

• Anaerobic respiration in humans

Anaerobic respiration in microorganisms

• Fermentation in microorganisms

Cellular respiration

• Cellular respiration

Continuous vs discontinuous

• Continuous and discontinuous variation

Variation within a species

• Variation within species